Microscopes
Compound Microscopes
The eyepiece system may be monocular, binocular or trinocular. Monocular observation uses one eyepiece, binocular observation uses two. Binocular observation is more comfortable, less fatiguing, and if the microscopist uses both eyes they are less strained than one eye with with monocular observation. Trinocular microscopes contain an additional upright ocular which is utilized when the microscope is used with a photo or video system.
Compound microscopes use only one objective at a time, although different ones are available on the objective turret.
To observe small animals in water, sections of plant parts, and/or animal and plant cells, a microscope with an overall magnification range from 25X to 400X is required. to examine bacteria, blood counts, chromosomes, etc. - the microscope's total magnification should reach 1000X.
Compound microscopes use only one objective at a time, although different ones are available on the objective turret.
To observe small animals in water, sections of plant parts, and/or animal and plant cells, a microscope with an overall magnification range from 25X to 400X is required. to examine bacteria, blood counts, chromosomes, etc. - the microscope's total magnification should reach 1000X.
Fluorescence Microscopes
An excellent method of studying material which can be made to fluoresce with a UV light source, either in its natural form or when treated with chemicals capable of fluorescing. Fluorescent molecules absorb light at one wavelength (excitation) and emit light at another, longer wavelength (emission). only the emission light reaches the eye and is visible against a black background.
Inverted Microscopes
Literally uses an "inverted" optical light path. the light source is
located at the top of the microscope and the objectives are mounted
upside-down under the stage. This allows the viewing of specimens in
large containers (i.e. Petri dishes, vials) requiring much greater
working distance than is available on an upright stand.
Stereo Microscopes
Also referred to as stereoscopic, stereo zoom, or dissecting microscopes. Stereoscopic (3D) vision is possible by the combined vision of two eyes. This requires an independent optical system for each eye (similar to how binoculars work). A stereo microscope features two tubes with independent optical systems with two eyepieces and two objectives. Which means that a stereo microscope is, in fact, a combination of two compound monocular microscopes whose optical axes are at a right angle to each other and directed at the same specimen area.
Stereo microscopes are used for viewing natural specimens such as minerals, insects, plant parts; they are also used for technical applications such as illuminating coins, textiles and electronic components. Because of its long working distance, dissection and precision assembly are possible under the stereo microscope.
The magnification levels on a stereo microscope can be either at fixed levels (i.e. 2X or 4X), or they can be in a gradient range between two limits, as with the stereo zoom microscope (i.e. 0.7X to 4.5X).
There are various stands available for stereo microscopes. The most common utilizing both an upper (incident or reflected) and a lower (transmitted) light source. There are also pole stands - without any illumination for applications where an external light source is being used, and boom stands - also without illumination, where greater maneuverability of the microscope is required.
Stereo microscopes are used for viewing natural specimens such as minerals, insects, plant parts; they are also used for technical applications such as illuminating coins, textiles and electronic components. Because of its long working distance, dissection and precision assembly are possible under the stereo microscope.
The magnification levels on a stereo microscope can be either at fixed levels (i.e. 2X or 4X), or they can be in a gradient range between two limits, as with the stereo zoom microscope (i.e. 0.7X to 4.5X).
There are various stands available for stereo microscopes. The most common utilizing both an upper (incident or reflected) and a lower (transmitted) light source. There are also pole stands - without any illumination for applications where an external light source is being used, and boom stands - also without illumination, where greater maneuverability of the microscope is required.
